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The group of packages strives to provide a cohesive collection of functions to deal with common data science tasks, including data import, cleaning, transformation and visualisation (notably with the ggplot2 package). The R Infrastructure packages [31] support coding and the development of R packages and as of 2021-05-04, Metacran [17] lists 16 ...
RStudio IDE (or RStudio) is an integrated development environment for R, a programming language for statistical computing and graphics. It is available in two formats: RStudio Desktop is a regular desktop application while RStudio Server runs on a remote server and allows accessing RStudio using a web browser.
R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization.It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9]The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data.
In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
Microsoft's IIS 7.0, IIS 7.5, and IIS 8.0 servers define the following HTTP substatus codes to indicate a more specific cause of a 404 error: 404.0 – Not found. 404.1 – Site Not Found. 404.2 – ISAPI or CGI restriction. 404.3 – MIME type restriction. 404.4 – No handler configured. 404.5 – Denied by request filtering configuration.
OLE 1.0 later evolved to become an architecture for software components known as the Component Object Model (COM), and later DCOM. When an OLE object is placed on the clipboard or embedded in a document, both a visual representation in native Windows formats (such as a bitmap or metafile) is stored, as well as the underlying data in its own ...
In the category Ch R of chain complexes over a commutative ring R, the zero complex is a zero object. In a short exact sequence of the form 0 → a → b → c → 0, the initial and terminal objects are the anonymous zero object. This is used frequently in cohomology theories.
Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables (+) = + + (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...