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Ingredients of cosmetic products are listed following International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). These INCI names often differ greatly from systematic chemical nomenclature or from more common trivial names. The below tables are sorted as follows:
Ointments are more occlusive than aqueous creams, which are more occlusive than lotion. [5] Water loss through the skin is normally about 4–8 g/(m 2 ⋅h). A layer of petrolatum applied to normal skin can reduce that loss by 50–75% for several hours. [4] Oils naturally produced by the human body moisturize through this same mechanism. [2]
This hydrating property can also be needed to counteract a dehydrating active ingredient (e.g., soaps, corticoids, and some alcohols), which is why humectants are common ingredients in a wide range of cosmetic and personal care products that make moisturization claims (e.g., hair conditioners, body lotions, face or body cleansers, lip balms ...
People have used cosmetics for thousands of years for skin care and appearance enhancement. Visible cosmetics for women and men have gone in and out of fashion over the centuries. Some early forms of cosmetics used harmful ingredients such as lead that caused serious health problems and sometimes resulted in death.
Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature. [1] Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, [2] [3] [4] but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals.
Lotion and shampoo at the Banff Centre. Lotion is a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to the skin. By contrast, creams and gels have higher viscosity, typically due to lower water content. [1] [2] Lotions are applied to external skin with bare hands, a brush, a clean cloth, or cotton wool.