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Normal butane can be used for gasoline blending, as a fuel gas, fragrance extraction solvent, either alone or in a mixture with propane, and as a feedstock for the manufacture of ethylene and butadiene, a key ingredient of synthetic rubber. Isobutane is primarily used by refineries to enhance (increase) the octane number of motor gasoline.
Gas blending is the process of mixing gases for a specific purpose where the composition of the resulting mixture is defined, and therefore, controlled. A wide range of applications include scientific and industrial processes, food production and storage and breathing gases.
Fuel additives in the United States are regulated under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (as amended in January 1995). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the registration of all fuel additives which are commercially distributed for use in highway motor vehicles in the United States, [8] and may require testing and ban harmful additives.
LPG is composed mainly of propane and butane, while natural gas is composed of the lighter methane and ethane. LPG, vaporised and at atmospheric pressure, has a higher calorific value (46 MJ/m 3 equivalent to 12.8 kWh/m 3 ) than natural gas (methane) (38 MJ/m 3 equivalent to 10.6 kWh/m 3 ), which means that LPG cannot simply be substituted for ...
The final step in gasoline production is the blending of fuels with different octane ratings, vapor pressures, and other properties to meet product specifications. Another method for reprocessing and upgrading these intermediate products (residual oils) uses a devolatilization process to separate usable oil from the waste asphaltene material.
Alkylate is a component of choice in gasoline, because it is free of aromatics and olefins. About 11% of the gasoline winter pool in the U.S. is made up of alkylate. In the gasoline summer pool, the content of alkylate can be as high as 15% because lower Reid vapor pressure (RVP) reduces the possibility to blend butane.
California Republicans call air board's silence on planned gasoline price hikes 'absurd,' urge delay in vote.
Sunoco was the Official Fuel of the NTT IndyCar Series from 2011 through 2018, and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway from 2015 through 2018. [95] [96] New for the 2012 IZOD IndyCar Series, Sunoco introduced a new ethanol fuel blend rate that was reduced to E85 formula in a reference of road car relevance.