Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Its effects, depending on dosage, include an increase in sodium excretion by the kidneys, an increase in urine output, an increase in heart rate, and an increase in blood pressure. [13] At low doses it acts through the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart muscle contraction force and heart rate, thereby increasing cardiac output and ...
Across a wide range of vertebrates, dopamine has an "activating" effect on behavior-switching and response selection, comparable to its effect in mammals. [135] [140] Dopamine has also consistently been shown to play a role in reward learning, in all animal groups. [135]
The effect that apomorphine has on the dopamine receptors can also be linked to the similarities between its structure and dopamine. [38] It is a chiral molecule and thus can be acquired in both the R and S form, the R form is the one that is used in therapy.
Dopamine receptor flow chart. Dopamine receptors are all G protein–coupled receptors, and are divided into two classes based on which G-protein they are coupled to. [1] The D 1-like class of dopamine receptors is coupled to Gα s/olf and stimulates adenylate cyclase production, whereas the D 2-like class is coupled to Gα i/o and thus inhibits adenylate cyclase production.
A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine by blocking the action of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Reuptake inhibition is achieved when extracellular dopamine not absorbed by the postsynaptic neuron is blocked from re-entering the presynaptic neuron.
The range varies depending on conditions. For instance, when treating Parkinson's disease, the starting dose is typically 0.5 milligrams daily but may go as high as 11.5 milligrams as needed.
Also, currently available antidepressants all elicit undesirable side-effects, and new agents should be divested of the distressing side-effects of both first and second-generation antidepressants. [6] Another serious drawback of all antidepressants is the requirement for long-term administration prior to maximal therapeutic efficacy.
Increase in systemic exposure is proportional over the dose range of 50–400 mg. No time-dependent change in kinetics was observed through 12 weeks of dosing. Apparent steady state for armodafinil was reached within 7 days of dosing. At steady state, the systemic exposure for armodafinil is 1.8 times the exposure observed after a single dose.