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Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
On March 5, 2020, computer security experts reported another Intel chip security flaw, besides the Meltdown and Spectre flaws, with the systematic name CVE-2019-0090 (or "Intel CSME Bug"). [16] This newly found flaw is not fixable with a firmware update, and affects nearly "all Intel chips released in the past five years". [17] [18] [19]
In March 2018, Intel announced that they had developed hardware fixes for Meltdown and Spectre-V2 only, but not Spectre-V1. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The vulnerabilities were mitigated by a new partitioning system that improves process and privilege-level separation.
The vulnerabilities were dubbed Spectre and Meltdown , and provided malicious actors with avenues to access sensitive data -- such as usernames and passwords -- even if stored in protected memory ...
Speculative execution exploit Variant 4, [8] is referred to as Speculative Store Bypass (SSB), [1] [9] and has been assigned CVE-2018-3639. [7] SSB is named Variant 4, but it is the fifth variant in the Spectre-Meltdown class of vulnerabilities.
A listing of affected Intel hardware has been posted. [11] [12] Foreshadow is similar to the Spectre security vulnerabilities discovered earlier to affect Intel and AMD chips, and the Meltdown vulnerability that also affected Intel. [7] AMD products are not affected by the Foreshadow security flaws. [7]
Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a set of instruction codes implementing trusted execution environment that are built into some Intel central processing units (CPUs). They allow user-level and operating system code to define protected private regions of memory, called enclaves .
Intel incorporated fixes in its processors starting shortly before the public announcement of the vulnerabilities. [ 1 ] On 14 May 2019, a mitigation was released for the Linux kernel , [ 18 ] and Apple , Google , Microsoft , and Amazon released emergency patches for their products to mitigate ZombieLoad.