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Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life. It is the most extreme form of malnutrition. In humans, prolonged starvation can cause permanent organ damage [1] and eventually, death. The term inanition [2] refers to the symptoms and effects of starvation.
Inedia (Latin for 'fasting') or breatharianism (/ b r ɛ ˈ θ ɛər i ə n ɪ z əm / breth-AIR-ee-ən-iz-əm) is the claimed ability for a person to live without consuming food, and in some cases water. It is a pseudoscientific practice, and several adherents of these practices have died from starvation or dehydration. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Before the dice were cast, however, Whetmore declared his withdrawal from the arrangement, preferring to wait another week "before embracing an expedient so frightful and odious". The others refused to accept his change of mind, and cast the dice on his behalf. The survivors claim that Whetmore conceded that the dice were thrown fairly.
He was placed in prison by Antipope Boniface VII in the Castel Sant'Angelo, where he died either from starvation or poison. Thomas Johnson: d. 1537 England: He and nine other Carthusian martyrs, who refused the Oath of Supremacy: Nikolai Kletochnikov: 1847-1883 Russian Empire: Revolutionary who died during a hunger strike. Julia Livilla: 18–41
Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.
Physiologist Ancel Keys was the lead investigator of the Minnesota Starvation Experiment. He was directly responsible for the X-ray analysis and administrative work and the general supervision of the activities in the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene which he had founded at the University of Minnesota in 1940 after leaving positions at Harvard's Fatigue Laboratory and the Mayo Clinic.
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Wild animal suffering is suffering experienced by non-human animals living in the wild, outside of direct human control, due to natural processes. Its sources include disease, injury, parasitism, starvation, malnutrition, dehydration, weather conditions, natural disasters, killings by other animals, and psychological stress.