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The increased opportunities for girls in secondary education was a major feature of the twentieth century. Unlike the Education Act 1944 in England and Wales, the Education (Scotland) Act 1945 (8 & 9 Geo. 6. c. 37) was largely a consolidation measure, because universal secondary education had already been in place for over a decade. [5]
In the 20th century Scottish secondary education expanded, particularly for girls, but the universities began to fall behind those in England and Europe in investment and expansion of numbers. The government of the education system became increasingly centred on Scotland, with the final move of the ministry of education to Edinburgh in 1939.
However, in the second half of the century roughly a quarter of university students can be described as having working class origins, largely from the skilled and independent sectors of the economy. [44] The Scottish Education Department introduced a Leaving Certificate Examination in 1888 to set national standards for secondary education. In ...
Literature in modern Scotland is literature written in Scotland, or by Scottish writers, since the beginning of the twentieth century. It includes literature written in English, Scottish Gaelic and Scots in forms including poetry, novels, drama and the short story. In the early twentieth century there was a new surge of activity in Scottish ...
The 1894 work Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush is the archetypical example: a hugely popular bestseller depicting rural Scottish life. The Kailyard school is a proposed literary movement of Scottish fiction; kailyard works were published and were most popular roughly from 1880–1914.
"Education and nationalism: The discourse of education policy in Scotland." Discourse: Studies in the cultural politics of education 31.3 (2010): 335–350. Clark, Margaret, and Pamela Munn. Education in Scotland (Taylor & Francis, 1998) online. Munn, Pamela, et al. "Schools for the 21st century: the national debate on education in Scotland."
In the 20th century there was a surge of activity in Scottish literature, known as the Scottish Renaissance. The leading figure, Hugh MacDiarmid, attempted to revive the Scots language as a medium for serious literature. [14]
Raftery, Deirdre et al. "Social Change and Education in Ireland, Scotland and Wales: Historiography on Nineteenth-century Schooling," History of Education (2007) 36#4, pp. 447–463. Smout, T. C. "Scottish History in the Universities since the 1950s", History Scotland Magazine (2007) 7#5, pp. 45–50.