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Some hydrothermal vents form roughly cylindrical chimney structures. These form from minerals that are dissolved in the vent fluid. When the superheated water contacts the near-freezing sea water, the minerals precipitate out to form particles which add to the height of the stacks.
Hydrothermal circulation in the oceans is the passage of the water through mid-oceanic ridge systems. The term includes both the circulation of the well-known, high-temperature vent waters near the ridge crests, and the much-lower-temperature, diffuse flow of water through sediments and buried basalts further from the ridge crests. [3]
Small 2009 hydrothermal explosion in Biscuit Basin, Yellowstone National Park. Hydrothermal explosions occur when superheated water trapped below the surface of the Earth rapidly converts from liquid to steam, violently disrupting the confining rock. Boiling water, steam, mud, and rock fragments are ejected over an area of a few meters up to ...
Geysers are the most well known hydrothermal feature. [citation needed] They occur when groundwater in underground cavities becomes superheated under a lid of colder surface water. When the superheated water breaches the surface, it flashes to steam, causing the pressure below it to suddenly drop, which causes a chain reaction where most of the ...
The evidence suggests that deep-sea hydrothermal vent viral evolutionary strategies promote prolonged host integration, favoring a form of mutualism rather than classic parasitism. [32] As hydrothermal vents outlets [clarification needed] for sub-seafloor material, there is also likely a connection between vent viruses and those in the crust. [39]
The Beebe Hydrothermal Vent Field (abbreviated BVF, also known as the Piccard Vent Field) is the world's deepest known hydrothermal vent site and is located just south of Grand Cayman in the Caribbean, on the north side of the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre in the Cayman Trough. [1]
Beebe Hydrothermal Vent Field; D. Dallol (hydrothermal system) E. Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents; H. Hydrothermal vents and seamounts of the Azores; K. Kairei vent field;
The temperature of the hydrothermal vent in the East Pacific Rise varies from 1-10 degrees celsius depending on its surroundings of seawater or plumes and is around 2640 m deep. V. hydrothermalis are regarded as the only cephalopod endemic to this environment. The vent octopus has been observed to congregate around vents, but isolated elsewhere.