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Mild heating results in production of hydrogen chloride, nitrogen, oxygen, and water. 4 NH 4 ClO 4 → 4 HCl + 2 N 2 + 5 O 2 + 6 H 2 O. The combustion of AP is quite complex and is widely studied. AP crystals decompose before melting, even though a thin liquid layer has been observed on crystal surfaces during high-pressure combustion processes ...
Perchlorate compounds oxidize organic compounds, especially when the mixture is heated. The explosive decomposition of ammonium perchlorate is catalyzed by metals and heat. [13] As perchlorate is a weak Lewis base (i.e., a weak electron pair donor) and a weak nucleophilic anion, it is also a very weakly coordinating anion. [13]
The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The calorific value is the total energy released as heat when a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions.
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant.It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur, not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder.
Ammonium chloride solutions are generally stable and can be stored for a certain period if kept under appropriate conditions, [22] that is in airtight containers (to prevent contamination, evaporation and hydrolysis), away from light (to prevent photodegradation) and heat sources (to reduce microbial growth and chemical degradation), and if ...
Ammonium hexachloroplatinate is used in platinum plating. Heating (NH 4) 2 [PtCl 6] under a stream of hydrogen at 200 °C produces platinum sponge. Treating this with chlorine gives H 2 [PtCl 6]. [2] Ammonium hexachloroplatinate decomposes to yield platinum sponge when heated to high temperatures: [2] [5] 3(NH 4) 2 PtCl 6 → 3Pt(s) + 2NH 4 Cl ...
A classical example is the decomposition of mercuric oxide to give oxygen and mercury metal. The reaction was used by Joseph Priestley to prepare samples of gaseous oxygen for the first time. When water is heated to well over 2,000 °C (2,270 K; 3,630 °F), a small percentage of it will decompose into OH, monatomic oxygen, monatomic hydrogen, O ...
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.3, Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds