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The Battle of the Atlantic has been called the "longest, largest, and most complex" naval battle in history. [18] The campaign started immediately after the European war began, during the so-called " Phoney War ", and lasted more than five years, until the German surrender in May 1945.
English: The battle of the Atlantic, Mid-March to December 1941. In the latter part of April 1941, sweeps and searches replaced close escort. In May 1941 these extends 350 miles from Iceland and Northern Ireland. Operations from West African bases began on 24 March 1941. Hudsons and Catalinas operated from Gibraltar up to 250 miles.
The Mid-Atlantic gap was an area outside the cover by land-based aircraft; those limits are shown with black arcs (map shows the gap in 1941). Blue dots show destroyed ships of the Allies. The Mid-Atlantic gap is a geographical term applied to an undefended area of the Atlantic Ocean during the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War.
Battle of the Atlantic: 1941-05-07 1941-05-10 United Kingdom Germany: Allies Action of 8 May 1941: Indian Ocean: 1941-05-08 United Kingdom Germany: Allies Operation Brevity: Western Desert campaign: African Front: 1941-05-15 1941-05-16 United Kingdom Australia Germany Italy: Inconclusive Last battle of Bismarck: Battle of the Atlantic: 1941-05 ...
The Battle of the Atlantic by John Costello and Terry Hughes (1977, Collins, London) OCLC 464381083; Barone, João (2013) 1942: O Brasil e sua guerra quase desconhecida (1942: Brazil and its almost forgotten war) (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro, ISBN 8520933947; Donald A Bertke, Gordon Smith & Don Kinde.World War II Sea War, Vol 5.
As well as concentrating men and matériel to control the surrounding area, the fortresses' purpose was to deny the use of port facilities to the Allies and to secure their continued use by German submarines in the Battle of the Atlantic. In addition, as long as they remained in German hands, they had propaganda value.
In 1863 Lieutenant General James Longstreet was placed in command of the Confederate Department of Virginia and North Carolina. Longstreet was given four objectives: (1) to protect Richmond, (2) give support to Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia if and when needed, (3) forage and gather supplies for the Confederate armies, (4) to capture the Union garrison at Suffolk if possible.
A map of the Battle of Saint-Malo An ad hoc unit designated Task Force A was the first American unit to enter the Saint-Malo area. This force was established by Patton in late July to rapidly capture the bridges on the Paris–Brest railway line, which ran along the north coast of Brittany, before they were demolished by German forces.