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The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 36) or the Cross Act was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom designed by Richard Cross, Home Secretary during Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli's second Conservative Government, which involved allowing local councils to buy up areas of slum dwellings in order to clear and then rebuild them.
Slum upgrading is an integrated approach that aims to turn around downward trends in an area. These downward trends can be legal (land tenure), physical (infrastructure), social (crime or education, for example) or economic."
The Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) [3] administered by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation with a focus on integrated development of slums. [4] Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) under JNNRUM for slum improvement and rehabilitation. In addition to this, it has two further ...
The first federal slum clearance program was proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, citing the high cost of land as the primary reason for government intervention. In 1949, the Senate Banking and Currency Committee stated in its report that 1 in 5 urban families lived in slum conditions. Federal law required cities to relocate ...
The Housing of the Working Classes Act 1885 was a public health act, not a housing act. It empowered local authorities to condemn slum housing, but could not purchase the land and finance new housing. This act did that.
Slum clearance removes the slum, but neglecting the needs of the community or its people, does not remove the causes that create and maintain the slum. [5] [6] Similarly, plans to remove slums in several non-Western contexts have proven ineffective without sufficient housing and other support for the displaced communities.
The Darnhill estate near Heywood, Greater Manchester was built by Manchester Corporation between 1947 and the 1960s as overspill housing.. An overspill estate is a housing estate built at the edge of an urban area, often to rehouse people from inner city areas as part of slum clearances.
Many local and national governments have, for political interests, subverted efforts to remove, reduce or upgrade slums into better housing options for the poor. [12] Throughout the second half of the 19th century, for example, French political parties relied on votes from slum population and had vested interests in maintaining that voting block.