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The two most commonly used inducible expression systems for research of eukaryote cell biology are named Tet-Off and Tet-On. [3] The Tet-Off system for controlling expression of genes of interest in mammalian cells was developed by Professors Hermann Bujard [] and Manfred Gossen at the University of Heidelberg and first published in 1992.
The T7 expression system is used in the field of microbiology to clone recombinant DNA using strains of E. coli. [1] It is the most popular system for expressing recombinant proteins in E. coli. [2] By 2021, this system had been described in over 220,000 research publications. [3]
The GAL4/UAS system is an example of both an inducible and repressible system. Gal4 binds an upstream activation sequence (UAS) to activate the transcription of the GAL1/GAL7/GAL10 cassette. On the other hand, a MIG1 response to the presence of glucose can inhibit GAL4 and therefore stop the expression of the GAL1/GAL7/GAL10 cassette. [42]
Gal4 is a modular protein consisting broadly of a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. The UAS to which GAL4 binds is CGG-N 11-CCG, where N can be any base. [6] Although GAL4 is a yeast protein not normally present in other organisms it has been shown to work as a transcription activator in a variety of organisms such as Drosophila, [7] and human cells, highlighting that the same ...
An expression system is a system specifically designed for the production of a gene product of choice. This is normally a protein although may also be RNA, such as tRNA or a ribozyme . An expression system consists of a gene, normally encoded by DNA , and the molecular machinery required to transcribe the DNA into mRNA and translate the mRNA ...
An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for gene expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene.
Transient expression, more frequently referred to "transient gene expression", is the temporary expression of genes that are expressed for a short time after nucleic acid, most frequently plasmid DNA encoding an expression cassette, has been introduced into eukaryotic cells with a chemical delivery agent like calcium phosphate (CaPi) or polyethyleneimine (PEI). [1]
The expression may be constitutive, meaning that the protein is produced constantly in the background, or it may be inducible whereby the protein is expressed only under certain condition, for example when a chemical inducer is added. These two different types of expression depend on the types of promoter and operator used.
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