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The tubular heart or primitive heart tube is the earliest stage of heart development. [1] The heart is the first organ to develop during human embryonic development. [2]From the inflow to the outflow, the tubular heart consists of sinus venosus, primitive atrium, the primitive ventricle, the bulbus cordis, and truncus arteriosus. [3]
Heart development, also known as cardiogenesis, refers to the prenatal development of the heart. This begins with the formation of two endocardial tubes which merge to form the tubular heart, also called the primitive heart tube. The heart is the first functional organ in vertebrate embryos.
The heart derives from splanchnopleuric mesenchyme in the neural plate which forms the cardiogenic region. Two endocardial tubes form here that fuse to form a primitive heart tube known as the tubular heart. [36] Between the third and fourth week, the heart tube lengthens, and begins to fold to form an S-shape within the pericardium.
The primitive ventricle or embryonic ventricle of the developing heart, together with the bulbus cordis that lies in front of it, gives rise to the left and right ventricles. The primitive ventricle provides the trabeculated parts of the walls, and the bulbus cordis the smooth parts.
In the early tubular heart, the bulbus cordis is the major outflow pathway. [2] It receives blood from the primitive ventricle , and passes it to the truncus arteriosus . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] After heart looping , it is located slightly to the left of the ventricle.
Endocardial cushions, or atrioventricular cushions, refer to a subset of cells in the development of the heart that play a vital role in the proper formation of the heart septa. They develop on the atrioventricular canal [2] and conotruncal region of the bulbus cordis. [3] During heart development, the heart starts out as a tube. As heart ...
The endocardial heart tubes derive from the visceral mesoderm and initially are formed by a confluence of angioblastic blood vessels on either side of the embryonic midline. The endocardial tubes have an intimate proximity to the foregut or pharyngeal endoderm .
The developing tubular heart then folds ventrally and bulges in five regions along its length: the first one and closest to the arterial end is the truncus arteriosus, then follow the bulbus cordis, the primitive ventricle, the primitive atrium and the sinus venosus.