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The sodium–potassium pump is found in many cell (plasma) membranes. Powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against its concentration gradient. In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are extruded from and two potassium ions are imported into the cell.
Image renamed from Image:Sodium-Potassium_pump.svg Bahasa Indonesia: Contoh transport aktif primer, di mana energi dari hidrolisis ATP langsung digabungkan dengan pergerakan zat tertentu melintasi membran yang terlepas dari spesies lainnya.
Ribbon diagram of the sodium–potassium pump in its E2-Pi state. The estimated boundaries of the lipid bilayer are shown as blue (intracellular) and red (extracellular) planes. The 20th century saw significant breakthroughs in electrophysiology.
Tubular secretion occurs at Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) and Distal Convoluted Tubule (D.C.T); for example, at proximal convoluted tubule, potassium is secreted by means of sodium-potassium pump, hydrogen ion is secreted by means of active transport and co-transport, i.e. anti-porter, and ammonia diffuses into renal tubule.
For example, the sodium (Na +) and potassium (K +) ions are maintained by the sodium-potassium pump which uses energy (in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) to move three Na + out of the cell and two K + into the cell. Another example is the sodium-calcium exchanger which removes one Ca 2+ from the cell for three Na + into the cell. [12]
Active transport is essential for various physiological processes, such as nutrient uptake, hormone secretion, and nig impulse transmission. For example, the sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to pump sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining a concentration gradient essential for cellular function. Active transport ...
(d) Potassium channel (e) Sodium-Potassium Pump In the stages of an action potential, the permeability of the membrane of the neuron changes. At the resting state (1), sodium and potassium ions are unable to pass through the membrane, and the neuron has a negative charge inside (mainly due to the large proteins that are negatively charged, as ...
Schematic description of the mechanism of the sodium-potassium pump. Four consecutive steps are shown, from left to right. (1) Three sodium ions enter the transporter on the cell internal side. (2) A phosphorylated group is added to the transporter from ATP. This causes the transporter to close on the inside and open on the outside.