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Neurons expressing certain types of neurotransmitters sometimes form distinct systems, where activation of the system affects large volumes of the brain, called volume transmission. Major neurotransmitter systems include the noradrenaline (norepinephrine) system, the dopamine system, the serotonin system, and the cholinergic system, among others.
A neurotransmitter is a type of molecule that carries signals between neurons (nerve cells) at synapses in the nervous system The main article for this category is Neurotransmitters . Wikimedia Commons has media related to Neurotransmitters .
[10] [11] Dopamine is a neurotransmitter with much importance in the limbic system which regulates emotional function regulation. Dopamine has many roles in the brain including cognition, sleep, mood, milk production, movement, motivation, and reward. [12] Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, and other roles of the brain.
The serotonin created by the brain comprises around 10% of total body serotonin. The majority (80-90%) is found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. [15] [16] It travels around the brain along the medial forebrain bundle and acts on serotonin receptors. In the peripheral nervous system (such as in the gut wall) serotonin regulates vascular tone.
Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays a regulatory role in mood, sleep, appetite, body temperature regulation, and other processes. Histamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal, pain, body temperature regulation, and appetite. Trace amines act as neuromodulators in monoamine neurons via binding to TAAR1.
Neurotransmission is regulated by several different factors: the availability and rate-of-synthesis of the neurotransmitter, the release of that neurotransmitter, the baseline activity of the postsynaptic cell, the number of available postsynaptic receptors for the neurotransmitter to bind to, and the subsequent removal or deactivation of the ...
The following is a list of neuroactive peptides co-released with other neurotransmitters. Transmitter names are shown in bold. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline). In neurons of the A2 cell group in the nucleus of the solitary tract), norepinephrine co-exists with: Galanin; Enkephalin; Neuropeptide Y; GABA. Somatostatin (in the hippocampus ...
This is a table of neurotransmitter actions in the ANS (autonomic nervous system). It includes the circulatory system , the respiratory system , the visual system , the digestive system , the endocrine system , the urinary system , the reproductive system , and the integumentary system .