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  2. Suffering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffering

    Ralph Siu, an American author, urged in 1988 the "creation of a new and vigorous academic discipline, called panetics, to be devoted to the study of the infliction of suffering", [21] The International Society for Panetics was founded in 1991 to study and develop ways to reduce the infliction of human suffering by individuals acting through ...

  3. Suffering-focused ethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffering-focused_ethics

    Suffering-focused ethics are those views in ethics according to which reducing suffering is either a key priority or our only aim. Those suffering-focused ethics according to which the reduction of suffering is a key priority are pluralistic views that include additional aims, such as the prevention of other disvaluable things like inequality, or the promotion of certain valuable things, such ...

  4. Problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_evil

    The anti-God that I take seriously is the malicious omnipotent omniscient being, who, it is said, creates so that creatures will suffer, because of the joy this suffering gives It. This may be contrasted with a different idea of anti-God, that of an evil being that seeks to destroy things of value out of hatred or envy.

  5. Religious responses to the problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_responses_to_the...

    Romans 8:18–30 shows that suffering is temporary and set within the context of God's eternal purposes. Hebrews 12:1–6 sets suffering within the concept of "soul-making," as do 2 Peter 1:5–8, James 1, and others. Exodus 17:1–7 (and the Book of Job) characterize suffering as testing and speak of God's right to test human loyalty.

  6. Philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_pessimism

    The reason why the good has to happen to the same subject is because the miserable cannot feel the happiness of the joyful, and hence it has no effect on him. The reason why the good has to happen at the same time is because the future joy does not act backwards in time, and so it has no effect on the present state of the suffering individual.

  7. Negative utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_utilitarianism

    Negative utilitarianism is a form of negative consequentialism that can be described as the view that people should minimize the total amount of aggregate suffering, or that they should minimize suffering and then, secondarily, maximize the total amount of happiness.

  8. Philosophy of suicide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_suicide

    Common philosophical opinion of suicide since modernization reflected a spread in cultural beliefs of western societies that suicide is immoral and unethical. [2] One popular argument is that many of the reasons for committing suicide—such as depression, emotional pain, or economic hardship—are transitory and can be ameliorated by therapy and through making changes to some aspects of one's ...

  9. Reverence for Life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverence_for_Life

    So far as we know, this is for the first time clearly expressed by Jainism. It should not be overlooked, however, that as a child Schweitzer felt deeply for the suffering of all the creatures around him. He wrote, "As far back as I can remember I was saddened by the amount of misery I saw in the world around me.