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Programming Languages provides a history and description of 120 programming languages, with an extensive bibliography of reference works about each language and sample programs for many of them. [5] The book outlines both the technical definition and usage of each language, as well as the historical, political, and economic context of each ...
The history of programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were highly specialized, relying on mathematical notation and similarly obscure syntax . [ 1 ]
none (unique language) 1954 IPL I (concept) Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert A. Simon: none (unique language) 1955 Address programming language: Kateryna Yushchenko: Operator programming – Alexey Andreevich Lyapunov & Kateryna Yushchenko & MESM: 1955 FLOW-MATIC: Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC A-0 1955 BACAIC M. Grems and R. Porter 1955 ...
This is a "genealogy" of programming languages. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetic order. Any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.
The C Programming Language. Prentice-Hall. Krasner, Glenn (1983). Smalltalk-80: Bits of History, Words of Advice. Addison-Wesley. McCracken, Daniel D. (1961). A Guide to FORTRAN programming. Wiley. (one of the 1st books about a programming language not written by a vendor) Rosen, Saul, ed. (1967). Programming Systems and Languages. McGraw-Hill.
Eric Raymond - The Art of Unix Programming; Gerald M. Weinberg - The Psychology of Computer Programming; James Gosling - The Java Programming Language; Joel Spolsky - The Best Software Writing I; Keith Curtis - After the Software Wars; Richard M. Stallman - Free Software, Free Society; Richard P. Gabriel - Patterns of Software
All examples in the books use a hypothetical language called "MIX assembly language" (MIXAL), which runs on "a mythical computer called MIX". Currently, [when?] the MIX computer is being replaced by the MMIX computer, which is a RISC version. The conversion from MIX to MMIX was a large ongoing project for which Knuth solicited volunteers for help.
This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such as HTML or XML, but does include domain-specific languages such as SQL and its ...