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Taken together, DAMPs can be useful therapeutic targets for various human diseases, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. [3] DAMPs can trigger re-epithelialization upon kidney injury, contributing to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and potentially, to myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation. These discoveries suggest that ...
Protease-activated receptors (PAR) are a subfamily of related G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by cleavage of part of their extracellular domain. They are highly expressed in platelets , and also on endothelial cells , fibroblasts, immune cells, myocytes , neurons , and tissues that line the gastrointestinal tract.
For example, PAR1 in conjunction with PAR4 can couple to and activate G-protein G 12/13 which in turn activates Rho and Rho kinase. [8] This pathway leads to the quick alteration of platelet shape due to actin contractions that lead to platelet mobility, as well as the release of granules which are both necessary for platelet aggregation. [8]
The binding of these receptors result in a cascade of events resulting in an increase in intracellular calcium (e.g. via G q receptor activation leading to Ca 2+ release from platelet endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ stores, which may activate Protein Kinase C). Hence, this calcium increase triggers the calcium-dependent association of gpIIb and ...
PI3K binds to AMPA receptors in a conserved region to orient the receptors in the membrane, specifically at the GluR subunit. [4] PI3K activity increases in response to calcium ions and CaM . Additionally, AKT localizes PtdIns-3Ps in the post synapse, which recruits docking proteins such as tSNARE and Vam7.
Thrombopoietin was shown to be the major regulator of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet formation. The protein encoded by the c-mpl gene, CD110, is a 635 amino acid transmembrane domain, with two extracellular cytokine receptor domains and two intracellular cytokine receptor box motifs .