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The proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector device used to measure particles of ionizing radiation.The key feature is its ability to measure the energy of incident radiation, by producing a detector output pulse that is proportional to the radiation energy absorbed by the detector due to an ionizing event; hence the detector's name.
A Coulter counter [1] [2] is an apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in electrolytes. The Coulter counter is the commercial term for the technique known as resistive pulse sensing or electrical zone sensing. The apparatus is based on the Coulter principle named after its inventor, Wallace H. Coulter.
A wire chamber or multi-wire proportional chamber is a type of proportional counter that detects charged particles and photons and can give positional information on their trajectory, [1] by tracking the trails of gaseous ionization. [2]
An example of this is the Coulter counter, which measures the momentary changes in the conductivity of a liquid passing through an orifice that take place when individual non-conducting particles pass through. The particle count is obtained by counting pulses. This pulse is proportional to the volume of the sensed particle.
The D'Hondt method, [a] also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties.
This is proportional to some known quantity so that = =. [ 1 ] : 97 [ 2 ] One of the cases this occurs in, as developed by Hanson and Hurwitz in 1943, [ 3 ] is when we have several clusters of units, each with a different (known upfront) number of units, then each cluster can be selected with a probability that is proportional to the number of ...
[2] [3] [4] It has an integrated spreadsheet for data input and can import files in several formats (Excel, SPSS, CSV, ...). MedCalc includes basic parametric and non-parametric statistical procedures and graphs such as descriptive statistics , ANOVA , Mann–Whitney test , Wilcoxon test , χ 2 test , correlation , linear as well as non-linear ...
The reduction compass or proportional dividers is a geometry tool with asymmetric-length branches to allow performing homothetic transformations, reproducing a pattern while enlarging or reducing its size and conserving angles. It was invented by Fabrizio Mordente before 1567.