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The C++ examples in this section demonstrate the principle of using composition and interfaces to achieve code reuse and polymorphism. Due to the C++ language not having a dedicated keyword to declare interfaces, the following C++ example uses inheritance from a pure abstract base class.
In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".
Entity–component–system (ECS) is a software architectural pattern mostly used in video game development for the representation of game world objects. An ECS comprises entities composed from components of data, with systems which operate on the components.
Apple introduced blocks, a form of closure, as a nonstandard extension into C, C++, Objective-C 2.0 and in Mac OS X 10.6 "Snow Leopard" and iOS 4.0. Apple made their implementation available for the GCC and clang compilers. Pointers to block and block literals are marked with ^. Normal local variables are captured by value when the block is ...
The marker interface pattern is a design pattern in computer science, used with languages that provide run-time type information about objects.It provides a means to associate metadata with a class where the language does not have explicit support for such metadata.
Illustration. Method overriding, in object-oriented programming, is a language feature that allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its superclasses or parent classes.
Robert C. Martin's 1996 article "The Open-Closed Principle" [2] was one of the seminal writings to take this approach. In 2001, Craig Larman related the open–closed principle to the pattern by Alistair Cockburn called Protected Variations , and to the David Parnas discussion of information hiding .
The bridge pattern can also be thought of as two layers of abstraction. When there is only one fixed implementation, this pattern is known as the Pimpl idiom in the C++ world. The bridge pattern is often confused with the adapter pattern, and is often implemented using the object adapter pattern; e.g., in the Java code below.