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Health, Civilization and the State: A History of Public Health from Ancient to Modern Times (1998), good coverage of the British record in ch. 8-9. Rosen, George A History of Public Health (1958). online, a standard scholarly history. Sheppard, Francis. London 1808-1870: The infernal wen (1971, reprint 2022) online, see pp 247–296.. Siena, Kevin.
The Royal Hospital Chelsea is a retirement home and nursing home, founded by King Charles II in 1682 as a retreat for veterans.. Healthcare in England is mainly provided by the National Health Service (NHS), a public body that provides healthcare to all permanent residents in England, that is free at the point of use.
The National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 (in England) defined this "internal market", whereby health authorities ceased to run hospitals but "purchased" care from their own or other authorities' hospitals. Certain GPs became "fund holders" and were able to purchase care for their patients.
Life expectancy development in UK by gender Comparison of life expectancy at birth in England and Wales. Healthcare in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter, with England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each having their own systems of publicly funded healthcare, funded by and accountable to separate governments and parliaments, together with smaller private sector and voluntary provision.
The name National Health Service (NHS) is used to refer to the publicly funded health care services of England, Scotland and Wales, individually or collectively. Northern Ireland's services are known as 'Health and Social Care' to promote its dual integration of health and social services.
The NHS was established within the differing nations of the United Kingdom through differing legislation, and as such there has never been a singular British healthcare system, instead there are 4 health services in the United Kingdom; NHS England, the NHS Scotland, HSC Northern Ireland and NHS Wales, which were run by the respective UK government ministries for each home nation before falling ...
Regions of England. On average, there have been reductions in the number of years lived in poorer states of health for both men and women at age 65 in England. As of 2018, Richmond-upon-Thames had the highest male healthy life expectancy at birth in the UK of 71.9 years, 18.6 years longer than males in Blackpool where it was only 53.3 years.
Santos, E.V. and Stainbrook, E. "A History of Psychiatric Nursing in the 19th Century," Journal of the History of Medicine (1949) 4#1 pp 48–74. Scull, A. Museums of Madness: The Social Organisation of Insanity in 19th Century England (1979) London: Allen Lane. Smith, F.B. The Peoples Health 1830–1910 (Croom Helm, 1979)