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The idea of a tree of life arose from ancient notions of a ladder-like progression from lower into higher forms of life (such as in the Great Chain of Being).Early representations of "branching" phylogenetic trees include a "paleontological chart" showing the geological relationships among plants and animals in the book Elementary Geology, by Edward Hitchcock (first edition: 1840).
The timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth. Dates in this article are consensus estimates based on scientific evidence , mainly fossils .
1871; Thomas Taylor publishes the first USDA papers on microscopic plant pathogens [4] 1875; Mikhail Woronin identified the cause of clubroot as a "plasmodiophorous organism" and gave it the name Plasmodiophora brassicae [1] 1876; Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, responsible for Panama disease, discovered in bananas in Australia [5]
Charles Darwin (1809–1882) used the metaphor of a "tree of life" to conceptualise his theory of evolution. In On the Origin of Species (1859) he presented an abstract diagram of a portion of a larger timetree for species of an unnamed large genus (see figure). On the horizontal base line hypothetical species within this genus are labelled A ...
The evolution of bacteria has progressed over billions of years since the Precambrian time with their first major divergence from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage roughly 3.2-3.5 billion years ago. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This was discovered through gene sequencing of bacterial nucleoids to reconstruct their phylogeny .
Life cycle of the black rot pathogen, the gram negative bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1]
Cladogram – Diagram used to show relations among groups of organisms with common origins; Phylogenetic tree – Branching diagram of evolutionary relationships between organisms; Phylogenetics – Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms Cladistics – Method of biological systematics in evolutionary biology
Phylogeny (evolution II) Tracing phylogenetic relationships for species, populations, traits or pathogens can provide insights into health and disease. Coevolution (evolution II) Coevolution among species can influence health and disease (e.g. evolutionary arms races and mutualistic relationships such as those seen in the microbiome).