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In modern economic literature, the most common measure of a taxpayer's loss from a distortionary tax, such as a tax on bicycles, is the equivalent variation, the maximum amount that a taxpayer would be willing to forgo in a lump sum to avoid the tax. The deadweight loss can then be interpreted as the difference between the equivalent variation ...
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric method in operations research and economics for the estimation of production frontiers. [1] DEA has been applied in a large range of fields including international banking, economic sustainability, police department operations, and logistical applications [2] [3] [4] Additionally, DEA has been used to assess the performance of natural language ...
A common position in economics is that the costs in a cost-benefit analysis for any tax-funded project should be increased according to the marginal cost of funds, because that is close to the deadweight loss that will be experienced if the project is added to the budget, or to the deadweight loss removed if the project is removed from the budget.
Data valuation is a discipline in the fields of accounting and information economics. [1] It is concerned with methods to calculate the value of data collected, stored, analyzed and traded by organizations. This valuation depends on the type, reliability and field of data.
Let's say the utility function is the Cobb-Douglas function (,) =, which has the Marshallian demand functions [2] (,) = (,) =,where is the consumer's income. The indirect utility function (,,) is found by replacing the quantities in the utility function with the demand functions thus:
The dynamic lot-size model in inventory theory, is a generalization of the economic order quantity model that takes into account that demand for the product varies over time. The model was introduced by Harvey M. Wagner and Thomson M. Whitin in 1958.
Noise in data is approximately normally distributed. Analysis is purely historical and static (closed domain). The filter causes misleading predictions when used dynamically since the algorithm changes (during iteration for minimization) the past state (unlike a moving average ) of the time series to adjust for the current state regardless of ...
Developed in 1764 by Gian Rinaldo Carli, an Italian economist, this formula is the arithmetic mean of the price relative between a period t and a base period 0. [The formula does not make clear over what the summation is done.