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Twinning is the plastic deformation which takes place along two planes due to a set of forces applied to a given metal piece. Most metals show more plasticity when hot than when cold. Lead shows sufficient plasticity at room temperature, while cast iron does not possess sufficient plasticity for any forging operation even when hot.
Elasticity is not exhibited only by solids; non-Newtonian fluids, such as viscoelastic fluids, will also exhibit elasticity in certain conditions quantified by the Deborah number. In response to a small, rapidly applied and removed strain, these fluids may deform and then return to their original shape.
Elasticity Describes materials that return to their rest shape after applied stresses are removed. Plasticity Describes materials that permanently deform after a sufficient applied stress. Rheology The study of materials with both solid and fluid characteristics. Fluid mechanics
Elasticity in materials occurs when applied stress does not surpass the energy required to break molecular bonds, allowing the material to deform reversibly and return to its original shape once the stress is removed. The linear relationship for a material is known as Young's modulus.
When the back stress is the same magnitude as the applied stress, the material no longer creeps. When the original stress is taken away, the accumulated back stresses will cause the polymer to return to its original form. The material creeps, which gives the prefix visco-, and the material fully recovers, which gives the suffix -elasticity. [2]
A starting point for solving contact problems is to understand the effect of a "point-load" applied to an isotropic, homogeneous, and linear elastic half-plane, shown in the figure to the right. The problem may be either plane stress or plane strain. This is a boundary value problem of linear elasticity subject to the traction boundary conditions:
It is a part of plasticity theory that mostly applies to ductile materials, such as some metals. Prior to yield , material response can be assumed to be of a linear elastic , nonlinear elastic , or viscoelastic behavior.
Elasticity Describes materials that return to their rest shape after applied stresses are removed. Plasticity Describes materials that permanently deform after a sufficient applied stress. Rheology The study of materials with both solid and fluid characteristics. Fluid mechanics