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Copper in the body normally undergoes enterohepatic circulation (about 5 mg a day, vs. about 1 mg per day absorbed in the diet and excreted from the body), and the body is able to excrete some excess copper, if needed, via bile, which carries some copper out of the liver that is not then reabsorbed by the intestine.
[3] [4] Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. [5] Copper and its alloys are also used to make electrical contacts. Electrical wiring in buildings is the most important market for the copper industry. [6]
A photovoltaic solar power plant contains approximately 5.5 tons of copper per megawatt of power generation. [18] A single 660-kW turbine is estimated to contain some 800 pounds (350 kg) of copper. [19] The total amount of copper used in renewable-based and distributed electricity generation in 2011 was estimated to be 272 kilotonnes (kt).
A bronze is an alloy of copper and other metals, most often tin, but also aluminium and silicon. Aluminium bronzes are alloys of copper and aluminium. The content of aluminium ranges mostly between 5% and 11%. Iron, nickel, manganese and silicon are sometimes added.
Common 50-50 tin-lead bar solder is often used for uncoated copper; 60-40 tin-lead solder is used for lead-coated copper. [61] Many lead-free solders are also acceptable. Adhesives can be used in certain applications. Relatively thin sheet alloys can be bonded to plywood or certain types of foam which act as rigid insulation.
Used for glass coloring; Realgar – arsenic disulfide, an ore of arsenic. Regulus of antimony; Resin of copper – copper(I) chloride (cuprous chloride), formed by heating copper with corrosive sublimate. Rouge/crocus/colcothar – ferric oxide, formed by burning green vitriol in air. Stibnite – antimony or antimony trisulfide, ore of antimony.
Copper belfry of St. Laurentius church, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler Metals used for architectural purposes include lead, for water pipes, roofing, and windows; tin, formed into tinplate; zinc, copper and aluminium, in a range of applications including roofing and decoration; and iron, which has structural and other uses in the form of cast iron or wrought iron, or made into steel.
Copper is a fairly common element, with an estimated concentration of 50–70 ppm (0.005–0.007 percent) in Earth's crust (1 kg of copper per 15–20 tons of crustal rock). [75] A concentration of 60 ppm would multiply out to 1.66 quadrillion tonnes over the 2.77 × 10 22 kg mass of the crust, [ 76 ] or over 90 million years' worth at the 2013 ...