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The various Euler angles relating the three reference frames are important to flight dynamics. Many Euler angle conventions exist, but all of the rotation sequences presented below use the z-y'-x" convention. This convention corresponds to a type of Tait-Bryan angles, which are commonly referred to as Euler angles. This convention is described ...
Examples of drag include: Net aerodynamic or hydrodynamic force: Drag acting opposite to the direction of movement of a solid object such as cars, aircraft, [3] and boat hulls. Viscous drag of fluid in a pipe: Drag force on the immobile pipe decreases fluid velocity relative to the pipe. [4] [5]
The angle θ and axis unit vector e define a rotation, concisely represented by the rotation vector θe.. In mathematics, the axis–angle representation parameterizes a rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space by two quantities: a unit vector e indicating the direction of an axis of rotation, and an angle of rotation θ describing the magnitude and sense (e.g., clockwise) of the ...
The efficiency of the propeller is influenced by the angle of attack (α). This is defined as α = Φ - θ, [28] where θ is the helix angle (the angle between the resultant relative velocity and the blade rotation direction) and Φ is the blade pitch angle. Very small pitch and helix angles give a good performance against resistance but ...
Some examples of birds that have lost the ability to fly in favor of an aquatic lifestyle include: Penguins: one of the most highly adapted birds for swimming, penguins swim via lift produced by their wings and demonstrate a highly streamlined body shape that reduces drag. Flightless cormorant; Magellanic flightless steamer duck
In fluid dynamics, angle of attack (AOA, α, or ) is the angle between a reference line on a body (often the chord line of an airfoil) and the vector representing the relative motion between the body and the fluid through which it is moving. [1] Angle of attack is the angle between the body's reference line and the oncoming flow.
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where is the angle (in radians) between the two flat sides of the pulley that the v-belt presses against. [5] A flat belt has an effective angle of α = π {\displaystyle \alpha =\pi } . The material of a V-belt or multi-V serpentine belt tends to wedge into the mating groove in a pulley as the load increases, improving torque transmission.