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Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through a network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain. The rate of cerebral blood flow in an adult human is typically 750 milliliters per minute, or about 15% of cardiac output. Arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain.
Considerable anatomic variation exists in the circle of Willis, with classic anatomy seen only in about one-third of people. [4] In one common variation the proximal part of the posterior cerebral artery is narrow and its ipsilateral posterior communicating artery is large, so the internal carotid artery supplies the posterior cerebrum; this is ...
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The brain controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sensory nervous ...
The leptomeningeal collateral circulation (also known as leptomeningeal anastomoses or pial collaterals) is a network of small blood vessels in the brain that connects branches of the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA, ACA, and PCA), [1] with variation in its precise anatomy between individuals. [2]
In human anatomy, the internal and external carotid arise from the common carotid artery, where it bifurcates at cervical vertebrae C3 or C4. The internal carotid artery supplies the brain , including the eyes, [ 2 ] while the external carotid nourishes other portions of the head, such as the face , scalp , skull , and meninges .
Some aspects of brain structure are common to almost the entire range of animal species; [6] others distinguish "advanced" brains from more primitive ones, or distinguish vertebrates from invertebrates. [4] The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed.
The cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which perfuse the cerebrum of the brain. The three main arteries are the: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA), which supplies blood to the medial portion of the brain, including the superior parts of the frontal and anterior parietal lobes [1]
Protruding into the third ventricle of the brain, the highly vascularized SFO can be divided into 3–4 anatomical zones, especially by its capillary density and structure. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] The central zone is composed exclusively of the glial cells and neuronal cell bodies.