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The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians (commonly abbreviated Pol. Phil.) [1] is an epistle attributed to Polycarp, an early bishop of Smyrna, and addressed to the early Christian church in Philippi. [2] It is widely believed to be a composite of material written at two different times (see § Unity), in the first half of the second century.
Polycarp refers to multiple books of the New Testament as scripture, including: Matthew, Acts, 1 John, Philippians, Jude, 1 Peter, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Romans and others. [38] Polycarp also quotes the deuterocanonical book of Tobit; however, from his manner of quotation it is not possible to know how much authority he afforded it. [39]
Martyrdom of Polycarp (latin: Martyrium Polycarpi) is a manuscript written in the form of a letter that relates the religious martyrdom of Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna (the site of the modern city of İzmir, Turkey) in the 2nd century AD. It forms the earliest account of Christian martyrdom outside of the New Testament.
Copied and widely read in the Early Church, [11] First Clement had been considered by some as part of the New Testament canon, e.g., listed as canonical in Canon 85 of the Canons of the Apostles, [12] among other early canons of the New Testament, showing that it had canonical rank in at least some regions of early Christendom.
Marcion of Sinope, evangelist and theologian, founder of Marcionism, published the first known canon of the New Testament, [1] 85~160; Clement of Rome, bishop of Rome, apostolic father 88~101; Papias, bishop of Hierapolis, apostolic father 110~130; Polycarp of Smyrna, bishop of Smyrna, apostolic father 110~160; Aristides of Athens, apologist ~120
Thirdly, Polycarp was known to be a vocal opponent of Marcionite Christianity, which Trobisch and many other scholars take to be a major impetus for the development of the New Testament canon. Finally, Polycarp is believed to have had experience in publishing, because he distributed the first collection of the epistles of Ignatius (see Pol ...
The letter is extremely lengthy, twice as long as the Epistle to the Hebrews, [note 5] and it demonstrates the author's familiarity with many books of both the Old Testament and New Testament. The epistle repeatedly refers to the Old Testament as scripture [ 12 ] and includes numerous references to the Book of Judith , thereby establishing ...
New International Biblical Commentary. New Testament Series. Edited by W. Ward Gasque. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2002. Burton, Ernest De Witt. 1896. "The Epistles of the Imprisonment." Biblical World 7.1: 46–56. Elkins, Garland. 1976. "The Living Message of Philippians." pp. 171–180 in The Living Messages of the Books of the New ...