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Polycarp outright denied the teachings of Marcion, claiming he was the firstborn of Satan. [34] Polycarp's statements in the Martyrdom of Polycarp also appear to have trinitarian theology. [35] What we know of Polycarp's eschatology is largely confined to the affirmation of the resurrection of the dead and Christ's second coming as a judge. [33]
The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians (commonly abbreviated Pol. Phil.) [1] is an epistle attributed to Polycarp, an early bishop of Smyrna, and addressed to the early Christian church in Philippi. [2] It is widely believed to be a composite of material written at two different times (see § Unity), in the first half of the second century.
Polycarp tried and failed to persuade Anicetus, bishop of Rome, to have the West celebrate Easter on 14 Nisan, as in the East. [25] He rejected the bishop's suggestion that the East use the Western date. In 155, the Smyrnans demanded Polycarp's execution as a Christian, and he died a martyr.
These are biblical figures unambiguously identified in contemporary sources according to scholarly consensus.Biblical figures that are identified in artifacts of questionable authenticity, for example the Jehoash Inscription and the bullae of Baruch ben Neriah, or who are mentioned in ancient but non-contemporary documents, such as David and Balaam, [n 1] are excluded from this list.
Saint Polycarp, 2nd-century bishop of Smyrna and martyr. The Metropolis of Smyrna (Greek: Μητρόπολη Σμύρνης) is an ecclesiastical territory of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, modern Turkey. The Christian community of Smyrna was one of the Seven Churches of Asia, mentioned by Apostle John in the Book of Revelation.
Polycarp is known to have died around 155–167, so this would seem to set an upper limit for the dating of the pastoral epistles. Irenaeus explicitly references the epistles to Timothy in his anti- Gnostic treatise Against Heresies , written c. 180. [ 22 ]
Polycarp declines, and the officials attempt to burn him alive. However, the fire miraculously avoids him in a circle, merely giving him a heavenly glow. Instead, Polycarp is stabbed; his blood goes everywhere, extinguishing the fire. The Jews influence the governor to burn the body so as to remove all evidence and avoid his body becoming a shrine.
Polycarp tried and failed to persuade Pope Anicetus to have the West celebrate Passover on the 14th of Nisan, as in the Eastern calendar. Around AD 155, the Smyrnans of his town demanded Polycarp's execution as a Christian, and he died a martyr. The story of his martyrdom describes how the fire built around him would not burn him, and that when ...