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Simulation models suggest that brown carbon contributes about 19% of the total atmospheric absorption by aerosols, while 72% is attributed to black carbon and 9% is due to the coating effect of sulfate and organic aerosols on black carbon. It seems that brown carbon can play an important role in photochemistry and the hydrologic cycle ...
Black carbon is in the air and circulates the globe. Black carbon travels along wind currents from Asian cities and accumulates over the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan foothills. Black carbon (BC) is the light-absorbing refractory form of elemental carbon remaining after pyrolysis (e.g., charcoal) or produced by incomplete combustion (e.g., soot).
Worker at carbon black plant, 1942. Carbon black (with subtypes acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, vegetable matter, or petroleum products, including fuel oil, fluid catalytic cracking tar, and ethylene cracking in a limited supply of air.
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Several of the CPK colors refer mnemonically to colors of the pure elements or notable compound. For example, hydrogen is a colorless gas, carbon as charcoal, graphite or coke is black, sulfur powder is yellow, chlorine is a greenish gas, bromine is a dark red liquid, iodine in ether is violet, amorphous phosphorus is red, rust is dark orange-red, etc.
Carbon black (PBk7). Ivory black (PBk9). Vine black (PBk8). Lamp black (PBk6). Iron pigments. Mars black or Iron black (PBk11) (C.I. No.77499) Synthetic magnetite Fe 3 O 4. Manganese pigments. Manganese dioxide: blackish or brown in color, used since prehistoric times (MnO 2). Titanium pigments. Titanium black: Titanium(III) oxide (Ti 2 O 3).