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The Roman deities most widely known today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts, integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the Roman Empire. Many of the Romans' own gods remain obscure ...
The gods of the marriage bed (di coniugales) are also gods of conception. [13] Juno, one of the three deities of the Capitoline Triad, presides over union and marriage as well, and some of the minor deities invoked for success in conceiving and delivering a child may have been functional aspects of her powers.
In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Tellus Mater or Terra Mater [a] ("Mother Earth") is the personification of the Earth.Although Tellus and Terra are hardly distinguishable during the Imperial era, [1] Tellus was the name of the original earth goddess in the religious practices of the Republic or earlier.
In ancient Roman religion, agricultural deities were thought to care for every aspect of growing, harvesting, and storing crops. Preeminent among these are such major deities as Ceres and Saturn , but a large number of the many Roman deities known by name either supported farming or were devoted solely to a specific agricultural function.
The Romans identified Saturn with the Greek Cronus, whose myths were adapted for Latin literature and Roman art. In particular, Cronus's role in the genealogy of the Greek gods was transferred to Saturn. As early as Andronicus (3rd century BC), Jupiter was called the son of Saturn. [5] Saturn had two mistresses who represented different aspects ...
The Romans identified Vulcan with the Greek smith-god Hephaestus. [16] Vulcan became associated like his Greek counterpart with the constructive use of fire in metalworking. A fragment of a Greek pot showing Hephaestus found at the Volcanal has been dated to the 6th century BC, suggesting that the two gods were already associated at this date. [12]
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The poet Statius addresses him as "the most implacable of the gods," [100] but Valerius Maximus concludes his history by invoking Mars Gradivus as "author and support of the name 'Roman'": [101] Gradivus is asked – along with Capitoline Jupiter and Vesta, as the keeper of Rome's perpetual flame – to "guard, preserve, and protect" the state ...