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Bourgeois revolution is a term used in Marxist theory to refer to a social revolution that aims to destroy a feudal system or its vestiges, establish the rule of the bourgeoisie, and create a capitalist state. [1] [2] In colonised or subjugated countries, bourgeois revolutions often take the form of a war of national independence.
After the Industrial Revolution (1750–1850), by the mid-19th century the great expansion of the bourgeoisie social class caused its stratification – by business activity and by economic function – into the haute bourgeoisie (bankers and industrialists) and the petite bourgeoisie (tradesmen and white-collar workers). [5]
The view of the Revolutions of 1848 as a bourgeois revolution is also common in non-Marxist scholarship. [67] [68] [69] Middle-class anxiety [70] and different approaches between bourgeois revolutionaries and radicals led to the failure of revolutions. [71]
The two-stage theory, or stagism, is a Marxist–Leninist political theory which argues that underdeveloped countries such as Tsarist Russia must first pass through a stage of capitalism via a bourgeois revolution before moving to a socialist stage. [1] Stagism was applied to countries worldwide that had not passed through the capitalist stage.
The Marxist view of the English Revolution suggests that the events of 1640 to 1660 in Britain were a bourgeois revolution [11] in which the final section of English feudalism (the state) was destroyed by a bourgeois class (and its supporters) and replaced with a state (and society), which reflected the wider establishment of agrarian (and ...
Early Bourgeois Revolution in Germany (German: Frühbürgerliche Revolution in Deutschland), also known as the Peasants' War Panorama (Bauernkriegspanorama), is a monumental painting by the East German painter Werner Tübke, executed from 1976 to 1987.
At Frankenhausen, the battle is depicted, along with many other scenes of that age, on the world's largest oil painting, Werner Tübke's Early Bourgeois Revolution in Germany (Frühbürgerliche Revolution in Deutschland), which is 400 feet (120m) long, 45 feet (14m) high, and housed in its own specially built museum. [6]
By contrast, continental European states like Germany introduced efficient administrations and educational systems as part of a "second" bourgeois revolution. The result for Britain, wrote Anderson, is that "the triumphs of the past become the bane of the present."