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The second is the agentic state theory, wherein, per Milgram, "the essence of obedience consists in the fact that a person comes to view themselves as the instrument for carrying out another person's wishes, and they therefore no longer see themselves as responsible for their actions. Once this critical shift of viewpoint has occurred in the ...
In 1963, Milgram published The Behavioral Study of Obedience [1] in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, which included a detailed record of the experiment. The record emphasized the tension the experiment brought to its participants, but also the extreme strength of the subjects' obedience: all participants had given electric shocks ...
Stanley Milgram (August 15, 1933 – December 20, 1984) was an American social psychologist known for his controversial experiments on obedience conducted in the 1960s during his professorship at Yale.
One of Milgram's most famous works is a study of obedience and authority, which is widely known as the Milgram Experiment. [5] Milgram's earlier association with Pool and Kochen was the likely source of his interest in the increasing interconnectedness among human beings. Gurevich's interviews served as a basis for his small world experiments.
The Milgram Experiment raised questions about the ethics of scientific experimentation because of the extreme emotional stress suffered by the participants, who were told, as part of the experiment, to apply electric shocks to test subjects (who were actors and did not really receive electric shocks).
The Milgram experiment's ethical considerations and criticism centered on its psychological impact on participants. It raised concerns about the potential emotional stress inflicted on the individuals involved in the study. [39] This study significantly contributed to understanding obedience to authority and human behavior in social contexts.
In 1972, Milgram and his students conducted an experiment to test how widespread the phenomena of familiar strangers was. [1] His students took photographs of people waiting at commuter railway stations during a morning commute.
Milgram contends that obedience plays a significant role in transforming ordinary humans into transgressive perpetrators. [citation needed] His study measured the degree to which participants would administer shocks to learners just because the experimenter instructed them to do so. He found that, due to the effects of probing by the ...