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The cotton and textile industries play a dominant role in exports; [14] cotton accounts for 55 percent of the country's export earnings, and Pakistan has a 14% share of the world's cloth exports. [2] The European Union (EU) granted Generalized System of Preferences "Plus" status to Pakistan in 2013, which has promoted textile exports to the EU.
Pakistan is the fourth largest cotton producer and holds the third largest spinning capacity in Asia, following China and India, contributing 5% to global spinning capacity. [4] The industry comprises 1,221 ginning units, 442 spinning units, 124 large spinning units, and 425 small units.
It is ovoid or oblong in shape and glabrous (i.e. hairless). The surface is pitted and a beak is present at the terminal end. The seeds within are globular and are covered in long white cotton. [3] Gossypium arboreum var. neglecta, locally known as "Phuti karpas", was the variant used to make Dhaka muslin in Bengal, now Bangladesh. [4]
Naturally colored Cotton is still relatively rare because it requires specialized harvest techniques and facilities, making it more expensive to harvest than white cotton. By the 1990s, most indigenous colored cotton landraces or cultivars grown in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America were replaced by all-white, commercial varieties.
Gossypium (/ ɡ ɒ ˈ s ɪ p i ə m /) [2] is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Gossypieae of the mallow family, Malvaceae, from which cotton is harvested. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Old and New Worlds.
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Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too windy to grow picker varieties of cotton, and usually after application of a chemical defoliant or the natural defoliation that occurs after a freeze. Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics, and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow.
Pakistan has also cut the use of dangerous pesticides dramatically. [13] Pakistan is a net food exporter, except in occasional years, when its harvest is adversely affected by droughts. Pakistan exports rice, cotton, fish, fruits (especially Oranges and Mangoes), and vegetables and imports vegetable oil, wheat, pulses and consumer foods.