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The most common vestibular diseases in humans are vestibular neuritis, a related condition called labyrinthitis, Ménière's disease, and BPPV. In addition, the vestibular system's function can be affected by tumours on the vestibulocochlear nerve , an infarct in the brain stem or in cortical regions related to the processing of vestibular ...
The vestibular system of the inner ear, vision and proprioception are the main three requirements for balance. [63] Moreover, there are specific devices designed for proprioception training, such as the exercise ball , which works on balancing the abdominal and back muscles.
It is the area of integration between proprioceptive, and vestibular inputs, to aid in unconscious maintenance of balance and posture. The inferior olivary nucleus aids in complex motor tasks by encoding coordinating timing sensory information; this is decoded and acted upon in the cerebellum .
Illusions in aviation are caused when the brain cannot reconcile inputs from the vestibular system and visual system. The three semicircular canals, which recognize accelerations in pitch , yaw , and roll , are stimulated by angular accelerations ; while the otolith organs, the saccule and utricle , are stimulated by linear accelerations.
The vestibular sense, or sense of balance (equilibrium), is the sense that contributes to the perception of balance (equilibrium), spatial orientation, direction, or acceleration (equilibrioception). Along with audition, the inner ear is responsible for encoding information about equilibrium.
It becomes almost an instinct. The person does not need to even think about what they are doing to perfect the skill; they have done it so many times that it feels effortless and requires little to no thought. When the kinesthetic system has learned a motor skill proficiently, it will be able to work even when one's vision is limited. [5]
The receptor for the sense of balance resides in the vestibular system in the ear (for the three-dimensional orientation of the head, and by inference, the rest of the body). Balance is also mediated by the kinesthetic reflex fed by proprioception (which senses the relative location of the rest of the body to the head). [22]
Vision is the dominant sense for orientation, but the vestibular system, proprioceptive system and auditory system also play a role. [ citation needed ] Spatial orientation (the inverse being spatial disorientation, aka spatial-D ) is the ability to maintain body orientation and posture in relation to the surrounding environment (physical space ...