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Xerxes I (/ ˈ z ɜː r k ˌ s iː z / ZURK-seez [2] [a] c. 518 – August 465 BC), commonly known as Xerxes the Great, [4] was a Persian ruler who served as the fourth King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 486 BC until his assassination in 465 BC.
Xerxes I: King of Persia 486–465: Called Ahasuerus in the books of Ezra and Esther. [19] [78] Xerxes is known in archaeology through a number of tablets and monuments, [79] notably the "Gate of All Nations" in Persepolis. He is also mentioned in Herodotus' Histories. Est. 1:1, Dn. 9:1, Ezr. 4:6
Numerous scholars have proposed theories as to who Ahasuerus represents. Most scholars today identify him with Xerxes I, as did 19th-century Bible commentaries. [9] Three factors, among others, contribute to this identification: It is believed the Hebrew 'Ahasuerus' descended from the Persian names for Xerxes I.
Haman Begging the Mercy of Esther, by Rembrandt. Haman (Hebrew: הָמָן Hāmān; also known as Haman the Agagite) is the main antagonist in the Book of Esther, who according to the Hebrew Bible was an official in the court of the Persian empire under King Ahasuerus, commonly identified as Xerxes I (died 465 BCE) but traditionally equated with Artaxerxes I or Artaxerxes II. [1]
The name Ahasuerus is equivalent to Xerxes [4] (both deriving from the Persian Khshayārsha), [5] and Ahasuerus is usually identified in modern sources as Xerxes I, [6] [7] who ruled between 486 and 465 BCE, [4] as it is to this monarch that the events described in Esther are thought to fit the most closely.
Artaxerxes was probably born in the reign of his grandfather Darius I, to the emperor's son and heir, Xerxes I.In 465 BC, Xerxes I was murdered by Hazarapat ("commander of thousand") Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court, with the help of a eunuch, Aspamitres. [9]
Xerxes Peak, a mountain in the Canadian Rockies; XerxesDZB, a Dutch professional football team based in Rotterdam; Roksan Xerxes, a series of record turntables from Roksan Audio (UK) XerXeS, a denial-of-service attack tool developed by The Jester; XERXES, a computer AI in System Shock 2; Xerxes, a 1994 album by Arcwelder
Mordecai was also the cousin and guardian of Esther, who became queen of Persia under the reign of Ahasuerus (Xerxes I). Mordecai's loyalty and bravery are highlighted in the story as he helps Esther foil the plot of Haman , the king's vizier , to exterminate the Jewish people .