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Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis contributes to about half of all deaths in Western countries, including the United States. Globally, it causes about 10 million deaths per year.. Atherosclerosis ...
As blood is pumped through the body, the valves within the veins prevent the blood from flowing backwards. After extensive, prolonged standing, these valves can become weak and eventually fail. When this happens, blood is no longer being prevented from flowing backward. Gravity will pull the blood back into an individual's legs, ankles and feet.
Signs of death or strong indications that a human is no longer alive are: Respiratory arrest (no breathing); Cardiac arrest (no pulse); Brain death (no neuronal activity); The heart and lungs are vital organs for human life due to their ability to properly oxygenate human blood (lungs) and distribute this blood to all vital organs (heart).
Fluid builup in the lower legs, feet and hands—also known as pedal edema— occurs because the heart’s ability to pump blood is too weak, which causes the blood to settle and accumulate in tissue.
The hematopoietic cells are most sensitive to low oxygen and are the first to die after reduction or removal of the blood supply, usually within 12 hours. [2] Experimental evidence suggests that bone cells ( osteocytes , osteoclasts , osteoblasts etc.) die within 12–48 hours, and that bone marrow fat cells die within 5 days.
With proper surgical care, acute limb ischaemia is a highly treatable condition; however, delayed treatment (beyond 6 to 12 hours) can result in permanent disability, amputation, and/or death. Early detection and steps towards fixing the problem with limb-sparing techniques can salvage the limb.
Other symptoms include skin ulcers, bluish skin, cold skin, or abnormal nail and hair growth in the affected leg. [3] Complications may include an infection or tissue death, which may require amputation; coronary artery disease; or stroke. [4] Up to 50% of people with PAD do not have symptoms. [2] The greatest risk factor for PAD is cigarette ...
[5] [6] [7] If not treated quickly, it may cause permanent damage. [7] There are two types, acute and chronic. [8] Acute compartment syndrome can lead to a loss of the affected limb due to tissue death. [6] [9] Symptoms of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) include severe pain, decreased blood flow, decreased movement, numbness, and a pale limb. [5]