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  2. Cupola furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupola_furnace

    A small cupola furnace in operation at Wayne State University, in Detroit, Michigan.. A cupola or cupola furnace is a melting device used in foundries that can be used to melt cast iron, Ni-resist iron and some bronzes.

  3. HIsarna ironmaking process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIsarna_ironmaking_process

    The HIsarna ironmaking process is a direct reduced iron process for iron making in which iron ore is processed almost directly into liquid iron ().The process combines two process units, the Cyclone Converter Furnace (CCF) for ore melting and pre-reduction and a Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) where the final reduction stage to liquid iron takes place.

  4. Smelting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting

    Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a TVA chemical plant (1942) Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. [1] It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron, copper, silver, tin, lead and zinc.

  5. Refining (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy)

    In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material.

  6. Tatara (furnace) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatara_(furnace)

    After the clay tub has dried, it is fired until dry. A charcoal fire is started from soft pine charcoal, then the smelter will wait for the fire to reach the correct temperature. At that point, he will direct the addition of ironsand, known as satetsu. This will be layered in with more charcoal and more ironsand over the next 72 hours.

  7. Ladle (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladle_(metallurgy)

    Ladles can be "lip pour" design, "teapot spout" design, "lip-axis design" or "bottom pour" design: For lip pour design the ladle is tilted and the molten metal pours out of the ladle like water from a pitcher.

  8. Induction furnace - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_furnace

    An induction furnace is an electrical furnace in which the heat is applied by induction heating of metal. [1] [2] [3] Induction furnace capacities range from less than one kilogram to one hundred tons, and are used to melt iron and steel, copper, aluminum, and precious metals.

  9. Hall–Héroult process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall–Héroult_process

    The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium.It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.