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Ontology is the philosophical study of being. It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality. As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it. To articulate the basic structure of being, ontology examines what all things have ...
In the philosophy of religion, an ontological argument is a deductive philosophical argument, made from an ontological basis, that is advanced in support of the existence of God. Such arguments tend to refer to the state of being or existing. More specifically, ontological arguments are commonly conceived a priori in regard to the organization ...
Willard Van Orman Quine (/ kwaɪn /; known to his friends as "Van"; [9] June 25, 1908 – December 25, 2000) was an American philosopher and logician in the analytic tradition, recognized as "one of the most influential philosophers of the twentieth century". [10] He served as the Edgar Pierce Chair of Philosophy at Harvard University from 1956 ...
Gödel's ontological proof. Gödel's ontological proof is a formal argument by the mathematician Kurt Gödel (1906–1978) for the existence of God. The argument is in a line of development that goes back to Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109). St.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
The ontological turn is an increased interest in ontology within a number of philosophical and academic disciplines during the early 2000s. The ontological turn in anthropology is not concerned with anthropological notions of culture, epistemology, nor world views. [1] Instead, the ontological turn generates interest in being in the world and ...
The ontological commitments of the theory then correspond to the variables bound by existential quantifiers. [95] This approach is summed up by Quine's famous dictum that "[t]o be is to be the value of a variable". [96] This method by itself is not sufficient for ontology since it depends on a theory in order to result in ontological commitments.
In philosophy, naturalism is the idea that only natural laws and forces (as opposed to supernatural ones) operate in the universe. [1] In its primary sense, [2] it is also known as ontological naturalism, metaphysical naturalism, pure naturalism, philosophical naturalism and antisupernaturalism. "Ontological" refers to ontology, the ...