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Phosphodiesterase enzymes have been shown to be different in different types of cells, including normal and leukemic lymphocytes [11] and are often targets for pharmacological inhibition due to their unique tissue distribution, structural properties, and functional properties. [12]
cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE10A gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Various cellular responses are regulated by the second messengers cAMP and cGMP .
PK-A: Protein kinase A (cAMP dependent). PK-G: Protein kinase G (cGMP-dependent). PDE3 is a phosphodiesterase. The PDEs belong to at least eleven related gene families, which are different in their primary structure, substrate affinity, responses to effectors, and regulation mechanism. Most of the PDE families are composed of more than one gene.
A protein phosphatase is an enzyme that dephosphorylates an amino acid residue of its protein substrate. Whereas protein kinases act as signaling molecules by phosphorylating proteins, phosphatases remove the phosphate group, which is essential if the system of intracellular signaling is to be able to reset for future use.
Structure of PDE2 with phosphate shown as sticks and catalytic metals as spheres. (The PDE2 (phosphodiesterase 2) enzyme is one of 21 different phosphodiesterases (PDE) found in mammals. These different PDEs can be subdivided to 11 families (PDE1 – PDE11).
Phosphodiesterase 1, PDE1, EC 3.1.4.1, systematic name oligonucleotide 5 ′-nucleotidohydrolase) is a phosphodiesterase enzyme also known as calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase. It is one of the 11 families of phosphodiesterase (PDE1-PDE11).
The overall dimeric structure of NPP in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri str. 306 (Xac). This enzyme relies on the catalytic ability of 2 Zn 2+ atoms in the catalytic core, which are shown in white. [1]
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE4 subfamily. This PDE hydrolyzes the secondary messenger, cAMP , which is a regulator and mediator of a number of cellular responses to extracellular signals.