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Giardiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia and G. intestinalis). [3] Infected individuals who experience symptoms (about 10% have no symptoms) may have diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. [1]
Nitazoxanide is an effective first-line treatment for infection by Blastocystis species [11] [12] and is indicated for the treatment of infection by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia in immunocompetent adults and children. [1]
It is more effective than iodine or chlorine against giardia, and although it has only low to moderate effectiveness against cryptosporidium, iodine and chlorine are ineffective against this protozoan. [9] The cost of chlorine dioxide treatment is higher than the cost of iodine treatment. [citation needed]
Benzethonium chloride exhibits a broad spectrum of microbiocidal activity against bacteria, fungi, mold, and viruses. Independent testing shows that benzethonium chloride is highly effective against such pathogens as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Clostridioides difficile, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human ...
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. [3] It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases.
As antiseptics (i.e., germicide agents that can be used on human or animal body, skin, mucosae, wounds and the like), few of the above-mentioned disinfectants can be used, under proper conditions (mainly concentration, pH, temperature and toxicity toward humans and animals). Among them, some important are
It is more effective as a disinfectant than chlorine in most circumstances against waterborne pathogenic agents such as viruses, [31] bacteria, and protozoa – including the cysts of Giardia and the oocysts of Cryptosporidium. [17]: 4-20–4-21
Even parasites such as Cryptosporidium or Giardia, which are extremely resistant to chemical disinfectants, are efficiently reduced. UV can also be used to remove chlorine and chloramine species from water; this process is called photolysis , and requires a higher dose than normal disinfection.