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Congenitally blind people, who do not typically have visual imagery in their dreams, still move their eyes in REM sleep. [16] An alternative explanation suggests that the functional purpose of REM sleep is for procedural memory processing, and the rapid eye movement is only a side effect of the brain processing the eye-related procedural memory.
Closed-eye hallucinations and closed-eye visualizations (CEV) are hallucinations that occur when one's eyes are closed or when one is in a darkened room. They should not be confused with phosphenes , perceived light and shapes when pressure is applied to the eye's retina, or some other non-visual external cause stimulates the eye.
He documented it in his 90-year-old grandfather [23] who was nearly blind from cataracts in both eyes. [7] After Bonnet's grandfather received bilateral cataract surgery, his vision evolved from slightly better to complete deterioration over time. [6] It was around this period that his visual hallucinations started. [6]
Nystagmus as seen in a case of ocular albinism. The cause of pathological nystagmus may be congenital, idiopathic, or secondary to a pre-existing neurological disorder.It also may be induced temporarily by disorientation (such as on roller coaster rides or when a person has been spinning in circles) or by some drugs (alcohol, lidocaine, and other central nervous system depressants, inhalant ...
An artist's representation of how some people may see phosphenes by retinal stimulation. A phosphene is the phenomenon of seeing light without light entering the eye. The word phosphene comes from the Greek words phos (light) and phainein (to show). Phosphenes that are induced by movement or sound may be associated with optic neuritis. [1] [2]
Although their eyes are open, their expression is dim and glazed over. [8] This may last from 30 seconds to 30 minutes. [6] Sleepwalking occurs during slow-wave sleep (N3) of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM sleep) cycles. It typically occurs within the first third of the night when slow-wave sleep is most prominent. [8]
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The visual effect is described as the loss of vision as the brain cuts off the unchanging signal from the eyes. The result is "seeing black", [ citation needed ] an apparent sense of blindness. A flickering ganzfeld causes geometrical patterns and colors to appear, and this is the working principle for mind machines and the dream machine .