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Seville Tram equipped with CAF ACR ground-level power supply, 2019. Ground-level power supply, also known as surface current collection or, in French, alimentation par le sol ("feeding via the ground"), is a concept and group of technologies that enable electric vehicles to collect electric power at ground level instead of the more common overhead lines.
Conduit for current collection between the rails of streetcars in Washington, D.C., 1939. Washington installed the system in 1895 [1] and it remained in operation until 1962 [2] Conduit current collection is an obsolete system that was used by some electric tramways to pass current to
Trolley pole wheel on top of the trolley pole of Twin City Rapid Transit Company No. 1300. A current collector (often called a "pickup") is a device used in trolleybuses, trams, electric locomotives and EMUs to carry electric power from overhead lines, electric third rails, or ground-level power supplies to the electrical equipment of the vehicles.
Where an external electric supply is provided, this is typically with overhead conductors or above-ground rails or (rarely) sub-surface electro-magnets. An all-electric vehicle typically requires one or more on-board energy supply elements or devices for autonomous operation, most commonly by chemical batteries , less frequently via electro ...
Fastest acceleration of an electric car, 0 to 100 km/h in 1.461 seconds by university students at the University of Stuttgart. [70] Electric Land Speed Record 353 mph (568 km/h). [71] Electric Car Distance Record 1,725 miles (2,776 km) in 24 hours by Bjørn Nyland. [72] Greatest distance by electric vehicle, single charge 999.5 miles (1,608.5 km).
A typical 12 V, 40 Ah lead-acid car battery. An automotive battery, or car battery, is a rechargeable battery that is used to start a motor vehicle.. Its main purpose is to provide an electric current to the electric-powered starting motor, which in turn starts the chemically-powered internal combustion engine that actually propels the vehicle.
Solar cars depend on a solar array that uses photovoltaic cells (PV cells) to convert sunlight into electricity. Unlike solar thermal energy which converts solar energy to heat, PV cells directly convert sunlight into electricity. [5] When sunlight (photons) strike PV cells, they excite electrons and allow them to flow, creating an electric ...
A surface charge is an electric charge present on a two-dimensional surface. These electric charges are constrained on this 2-D surface, and surface charge density , measured in coulombs per square meter (C•m −2 ), is used to describe the charge distribution on the surface.