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This allowed Rosetta to observe the bow shock as it formed when the outgassing increased during the comet's journey toward the Sun. In this early state of development the shock was called the "infant bow shock". [11] The infant bow shock is asymmetric and, relative to the distance to the nucleus, wider than fully developed bow shocks.
A bow shock, also called a detached shock or bowed normal shock, is a curved propagating disturbance wave characterized by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous, change in pressure, temperature, and density. It occurs when a supersonic flow encounters a body, around which the necessary deviation angle of the flow is higher than the maximum achievable ...
The bow shock forms the outermost layer of the magnetosphere; the boundary between the magnetosphere and the surrounding medium. For stars, this is usually the boundary between the stellar wind and interstellar medium; for planets, the speed of the solar wind there decreases as it approaches the magnetopause. [6]
The termination shock was traversed by Voyager 1 in 2004, [34] and Voyager 2 in 2007. [6] It was thought that beyond the heliopause there was a bow shock, but data from Interstellar Boundary Explorer suggested the velocity of the Sun through the interstellar medium is too low for it to form. [16] It may be a more gentle "bow wave". [51]
Shock waves can be: Normal At 90° (perpendicular) to the shock medium's flow direction. Oblique At an angle to the direction of flow. Bow Occurs upstream of the front of a blunt object when the upstream flow velocity exceeds Mach 1.
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Interplanetary shock waves due to solar flares and coronal mass ejections, and originally discovered via geomagnetic sudden commencements. The bow shocks formed around planets in stellar winds, and sometimes around stars themselves. Supernova remnants driving a shock through the interstellar medium (ISM).
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