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Terrestrial Hydrosphere. NASA has data on water, snow, and ice on or below Earth’s land surface to understand its role in supporting plants, wildlife, and planet processes. Water, snow, and ice are necessary for sustaining life on Earth and help connect the planet's systems. The terrestrial hydrosphere includes water on the land surface and ...
NASA’s Earth science data help scientists study water temperature to learn about global warming, water cycles, and ecosystems. Water temperature is an essential parameter in evaluating the composition and biological activity in a water body. The temperature of lakes, rivers, and oceans affects the health of plants and animals that live in and ...
NASA’s Earth data help researchers study snow melt to learn more about global warming and climate change, water cycles, and agriculture. The extent and rate of melting snow has consequences for many different areas of the environment. In a special report from 2022, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that glacial melt and ...
NASA biosphere data are critical for understanding Earth's species diversity, climate regulation and change, and its ecosystem processes. Life within Earth’s biosphere consists of millions of species living in various types of biomes such as grassland, forest, desert, aquatic, and tundra areas. Biomes are often divided into numerous subtypes ...
Surface Water. Pertains to all water present above the substrate or soil surface including water contained in an ocean, river, stream, lake, pond, lagoon, or impoundment reservoir. Definition source: United States Geological Survey.
Discharge/Flow. In hydrology, discharge is the volume rate of water flow that is transported through a given cross-sectional area. (Buchanan, T.J. and Somers, W.P., 1969, Discharge Measurements at Gaging Stations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chapter A8, p. 1.) It includes any suspended solids (e ...
Find Data. Earth’s atmosphere is a thin veil of gas surrounding the planet. Although it only extends a few hundred kilometers above the surface, it contains a mixture of gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen, that are critical for life to exist. It distributes incoming solar radiation, protecting life from harmful ultraviolet radiation but also ...
Water Quality/Water Chemistry. Water quality refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water with respect to its suitability for a particular use. Water chemistry refers to the chemical characteristics of water.
Cryosphere. NASA has data on sea ice, glaciers, snow cover, and other frozen features that comprise Earth’s cryosphere and effect human activity and our planet. Earth is covered in nearly six million square miles (15 million square kilometers) of ice across its polar caps, glaciers, and ice sheets. NASA’s satellites and other scientific ...
Moisture on the ground may fuel more violence in the sky. On the night of March 15, 2008, a massive tornado tore through downtown Atlanta. Winds of up to 130 miles per hour uprooted trees, shattered glass windows, and ripped roofs off buildings. Tornadoes occur every year in the southeastern United States, but they do not frequently strike ...