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The earliest known literary works in Malayalam are Ramacharitam (late 12th or early 13th century) [ 10 ] and Thirunizhalmala, two epic poems written in Old Malayalam. In the subsequent centuries, besides a popular Pattu ("song") literature, the manipravalam poetry also flourished.
The use of the pronoun ī and the lack of the literary Tamil -ai ending are archaisms from Proto-Dravidian rather than unique innovations of Malayalam. [note 3] The early literature of Malayalam comprised three types of composition: [60] Malayalam Nada, Tamil Nada and Sanskrit Nada. [60] Classical songs known as Nadan Pattu [60]
The history of Malayalam poetry dates back to the 12th century; the earliest poetic work in a near-Malayalam language, or what might be a mixture of Tamil and Malayalam, is the Rama Charitam.[1][2] First poets are called Kannassan Poets and also called Niranam Poets. Dispute is still going in this case.
During early 20th century, Malayalam received outstanding novels, either as translations or adaptations of Western literature. Important among them include Kerala Varma Valiya Koi Thampuran's Akbar (translation of Van Linberg Broaver's Dutch novel of the same title, 1894), independent translations of Samuel Johnson's Rasselas by Pilo Paul (1895) and Kanaran (1898), Robinson Crusoe by C. V ...
Old Malayalam, the inscriptional language found in Kerala from c. 9th to c. 13th century CE, [1] is the earliest attested form of Malayalam. [2] [3] The language was employed in several official records and transactions (at the level of the Chera Perumal kings as well as the upper-caste village temples). [2]
t. e. Indian literature refers to the literature produced on the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and in the Republic of India thereafter. The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India has 22 officially recognised languages. Sahitya Akademi, India's highest literary body, also has 24 recognised literary languages.
The twelfth century has been described as a watershed moment in the history of Malayalam, where it was finally accepted as a vehicle for literary expression. The two dominant schools in Malayalam writing were the pattu and the manipravalam, the former being influenced by Tamil poetic traditions and the latter designated for Sanskrit influences ...
Middle Malayalam is the period of the Malayalam language spanning from 13th century to 15th century AD. [1] [2] The works including Unniyachi Charitham, Unnichiruthevi Charitham, and Unniyadi Charitham, are written in Middle Malayalam, those date back to 13th and 14th centuries of Common Era. [3] [4] The Sandesha Kavya s of 14th century CE ...