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The pericardium (pl.: pericardia), also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. [1] It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong inelastic connective tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer made of serous membrane (serous pericardium). [2][3] It encloses the ...
Pericardiacophrenic artery. The phrenic nerve and its relations with the vagus nerve. (Pericardiacophrenic artery not labeled, but region is visible.) The thoracic aorta, viewed from the left side. (Pericardiacophrenic labeled at center left.) The pericardiacophrenic artery is a long slender branch of the internal thoracic artery. [1]
Both of these nerves supply motor fibers to the diaphragm and sensory fibers to the fibrous pericardium, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic peritoneum. Some sources describe the right phrenic nerve as innervating the gallbladder, other sources make no such mention. [5] The right phrenic nerve may also supply the capsule of the liver. [6]
The vagus nerve is a long, wandering nerve that emerges from the brainstem and provides parasympathetic stimulation to a large number of organs in the thorax and abdomen, including the heart. [36] The nerves from the sympathetic trunk emerge through the T1–T4 thoracic ganglia and travel to both the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, as ...
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart. [ 8 ] Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp chest pain, which may also be felt in the shoulders, neck, or back. [ 1 ] The pain is typically less severe when sitting up and more severe when lying down or breathing deeply. [ 1 ]
The cardiac plexus is divided into a superficial part, which lies in the concavity of the aortic arch, and a deep part, between the aortic arch and the trachea. The two parts are, however, closely connected. The sympathetic component of the cardiac plexus comes from cardiac nerves, which originate from the sympathetic trunk.
Cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve. The cervical cardiac branches (sometimes ambiguously called superior cardiac branches) of vagus nerve, two or three in number, arise from the vagus, at the upper and lower parts of the neck. The upper branches are small, and communicate with the cardiac branches of the sympathetic.
Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle (myocardium). Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Cardiac veins then drain away the blood after it has been deoxygenated. Because the rest of the body, and most especially the brain, needs a steady supply of ...