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England and Englishness are represented in multiple forms within J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth writings; it appears, more or less thinly disguised, in the form of the Shire and the lands close to it; in kindly characters such as Treebeard, Faramir, and Théoden; in its industrialised state as Isengard and Mordor; and as Anglo-Saxon England in Rohan.
The maps are a large drawing of the north-west part of Middle-earth, showing mountains as if seen in three dimensions, and coasts with multiple waterlines; [T 3] a more detailed drawing of "A Part of the Shire"; [T 4] and a contour map by Christopher Tolkien of parts of Rohan, Gondor, and Mordor, very different in style. [3]
The Gough Map or Bodleian Map [1] is a Late Medieval map of the island of Great Britain. Its precise dates of production and authorship are unknown. It is named after Richard Gough, who bequeathed the map to the Bodleian Library in Oxford 1809. He acquired the map from the estate of the antiquarian Thomas "Honest Tom" Martin in 1774. [2]
Middle-earth is the setting of much of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy. The term is equivalent to the Miðgarðr of Norse mythology and Middangeard in Old English works, including Beowulf. Middle-earth is the oecumene (i.e. the human-inhabited world, or the central continent of Earth) in Tolkien's imagined mythological past.
The popularity of the Macrobian maps and the combination of T-O style continents on some of the larger Macrobian spheres illustrate that Earth's sphericity continued to be understood among scholars during the Middle Ages. The V-in-square map depicts the Earth divided between the sons of Noah.
Utilizing the contemporary medieval styled T-O map of the time, the map is a biblically inspired map which shows Jerusalem drawn in the centre of the circle; east is on top, showing the Garden of Eden in a circle at the edge of the world (1). [38] Great Britain is drawn at the northwestern border (bottom left, 22 and 23).
England prints its own banknotes which are also circulated in Wales. The economy of England is the largest part of the United Kingdom's economy. Regional differences: A map of England divided by the average GVA per capita in 2007 showing the distribution of wealth. The strength of the English economy varies from region to region.
England, as part of the UK, joined the European Economic Community in 1973, which became the European Union in 1993. The UK left the EU in 2020. There is a movement in England to create a devolved English Parliament. This would give England a local Parliament like those already functioning for Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales.