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Several recent prospective studies have validated its use in the setting of trauma resuscitation, and have also shown that ultrasound can provide an accurate estimation of pneumothorax size. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Although radiography or CT scanning is generally feasible, immediate bedside detection of a pneumothorax confirms what are often ambiguous ...
The size of the pneumothorax (i.e. the volume of air in the pleural space) can be determined with a reasonable degree of accuracy by measuring the distance between the chest wall and the lung. This is relevant to treatment, as smaller pneumothoraces may be managed differently.
Contusion involves hemorrhage in the alveoli (tiny air-filled sacs responsible for absorbing oxygen), but a hematoma is a discrete clot of blood not interspersed with lung tissue. [4] A collapsed lung can result when the pleural cavity (the space outside the lung) accumulates blood or air (pneumothorax) or both (hemopneumothorax). These ...
Tension pneumothorax is an emergent condition in which air gets trapped in the space between the chest wall and the lung. This space is referred to as the pleural space. Because air can't escape from this space, the air pocket grows larger and larger, resulting in the lung collapse closest to the pneumothorax.
The flail segment moves in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest wall: because of the ambient pressure in comparison to the pressure inside the lungs, it goes in while the rest of the chest is moving out, and vice versa. This so-called "paradoxical breathing" [4] is painful and increases the work involved in breathing.
Catamenial pneumothorax is a spontaneous pneumothorax that recurs during menstruation, within 72 hours before or after the onset of a cycle. [1] It usually involves the right side of the chest and right lung, and is associated with thoracic endometriosis. [2] A third to a half of patients have pelvic endometriosis as well.
If large enough, the clot increases the load on the right side of the heart. The right ventricle must work harder to pump blood to the lungs. With back-up of blood, the right ventricle can begin to dilate. Right heart failure can ensue, leading to shock and death. [18] A PE is considered "massive" when it causes hypotension or shock.
Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. [1] Symptoms include shortness of breath, a dry cough, feeling tired, weight loss, and nail clubbing. [1]