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Hebrew cantillation, trope, trop, or te'amim is the manner of chanting ritual readings from the Hebrew Bible in synagogue services. The chants are written and notated in accordance with the special signs or marks printed in the Masoretic Text of the Bible, to complement the letters and vowel points .
Etnachta (Hebrew: Hebrew: אֶתְנַחְתָּא, with variant English spellings) is one of the most common cantillation marks in the Torah and Haftarah. It is the anchor for the Etnachta group, which in full consists of four different trope sounds, not all of which are always present. These are Mercha, Tipcha, Munach, and its namesake Etnachta.
Zakef Gadol (Hebrew: זָקֵף גָּדוֹל, with variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark that is commonly found in the Torah and Haftarah. It is represented by a vertical line on the left and two dots one on top of the other on the right. The Zakef gadol is one of two versions of the Zakef trope.
The sof passuk (Hebrew: סוֹף פָּסוּק, end of verse, also spelled sof pasuq and other variant English spellings. It is preceded by the סילוק silluq in the last word of the verse) is the cantillation mark that occurs on the last word of every verse, or passuk, in the Tanakh.
Cantillation is the ritual chanting of prayers and responses. [1] [2] It often specifically refers to Jewish Hebrew cantillation. Cantillation sometimes refers to diacritics used in texts that are to be chanted in liturgy. Cantillation includes: Chant. Byzantine chant; Gallican chant; Gregorian chant; Old Roman chant; Syriac chant; Vedic chant ...
Mercha (Hebrew: מֵרְכָא, also spelled Merkha and other variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark commonly found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books that are chanted. Mercha is found in several trope groups, though the melody varies from one use to the next.
Pashta (Hebrew: פַּשְׁטָא) is a common cantillation mark found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. It is part of the Katan group. Its mark symbol is identical to that of the Kadma. While Kadma and Pashta use the same symbol, Pashta is distinct from Kadma in the placement of the symbol.
Gershayim (Hebrew: גֵּרְשַׁיִם, with variant English spellings) is a cantillation mark that is found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. The Hebrew word גֵּרְשַׁיִם translates into English as double geresh.